You can see the types of Exception in the following document:
https://portal.blueprism.com/system/files/Exception%20Handling%20Traini
In 1.5 Types of Exception: Page 12 to 15.
And I guess built-in exceptions created by Blue Prism are not stored in database but hard coded in program.
Hope it helps.
Ticking 'Preserve' means 're-throw the same exception I just caught with my Recover'. That's why Exception Type and Exception Details are disabled. Without 'Preserve' ticked, it means 'throw anew exception using these details'.