Hi Seth,
Blue Prism has already done all the hard work for you on exception handling by creating the Process Templates which we recommend everyone uses as the basis for their Process build.
The Maximum Attempts option in work queues was a feature from before exception handling (recover, resume, blocks, etc) existed in the Blue Prism product. Once exception handling was added to the product the need for using attempts was removed.
Following the logic of the Process Templates your sub-pages for each application function should catch the exception and retry the flow route (tidying up the screens and navigating back to the correct point first) upto 3 times. The decision stage on the loop checks to see if the issue is a system exception or an internal exception - which is the correct decision so long as you are following the standard exception types we recommend developers uses in our exception training (there are 6 or 7 standard exception types, we recommend those are the only ones clients use).